High-context cultures - prefer to use high-context messages in which most of the
meaning is either implied by the physical setting or presumed to be part of the individual internalized beliefs, values, norms, and social practices; very little is provided in the
coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message.
Low Context Culture prefer to use low-context messages. in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code.
Characteristics of Low- and High-Context Cultures
High-Context Cultures
Convert and implicit
Messages internalized
Much nonverbal coding Reactions reserved
Distinct ingroups and outgroups Strong interpersonal bonds Commitment high
TIme open and flexible
Convert and implicit
Messages internalized
Much nonverbal coding Reactions reserved
Distinct ingroups and outgroups Strong interpersonal bonds Commitment high
TIme open and flexible
Low-Context Cultures
Overt and explicit
Messages plainly coded
Details verbalized
Reactions on the surface Flexible ingroups and outgroups Fragile interpersonal bonds Commitment low
TIme highly organized
Power Distance refers to the degree to which the culture believes that institutional and organizational power should be distributed unequally and the deci- sions of the power holders should be challenged or accepted.
Uncertainty Avoidance dimension, the extent to which the culture feels threatened by ambiguous, uncertain situations and tries to avoid them by establishing more structure.
Individualism-Collectivism dimension, the degree to which a culture relies on and has allegiance to the self or the group.
Masculinity- Femininity Dimension This dimension indicates the degree to which a culture values "masculine" behav- iors, such as assertiveness and the acquisition of wealth, or "feminine" behaviors, such as caring for others and the quality of life.
The Time-Orientation dimension refers to a person's point of reference about life and work. Cultures that promote a long-term orientation toward life admire persistence, thriftiness, and humility.
In-group collectivism reflects the degree to which people express pride, loyalty, and solidarity with their family or similar group. In cultures with high in-group collectivism, individuals take pride in and define their sense of self-quite literally, their sense of who they are-in terms of their family or similar group.
The dimension of Institutional Collectivism represents the degree to which cultures support, value, and prefer to distribute rewards based on group versus individual interests.
Gender Egalitarianism is the extent to which a culture minimizes differences in gender expectations for men versus women.
Assertiveness dimension describes the extent to which people value and prefer tough aggressiveness or tender non aggressiveness.
Humane Orientation, refers to the extent to which cultures encourage and reward their members for being benevolent and compassionate toward others or are concerned with self-interest and self-gratification.
Cultural Practices - the ways that people typically behave in everyday communication interactions
Cultural Values, or what people regard as important and believe is ideal
Overt and explicit
Messages plainly coded
Details verbalized
Reactions on the surface Flexible ingroups and outgroups Fragile interpersonal bonds Commitment low
TIme highly organized
Power Distance refers to the degree to which the culture believes that institutional and organizational power should be distributed unequally and the deci- sions of the power holders should be challenged or accepted.
Uncertainty Avoidance dimension, the extent to which the culture feels threatened by ambiguous, uncertain situations and tries to avoid them by establishing more structure.
Individualism-Collectivism dimension, the degree to which a culture relies on and has allegiance to the self or the group.
Masculinity- Femininity Dimension This dimension indicates the degree to which a culture values "masculine" behav- iors, such as assertiveness and the acquisition of wealth, or "feminine" behaviors, such as caring for others and the quality of life.
The Time-Orientation dimension refers to a person's point of reference about life and work. Cultures that promote a long-term orientation toward life admire persistence, thriftiness, and humility.
In-group collectivism reflects the degree to which people express pride, loyalty, and solidarity with their family or similar group. In cultures with high in-group collectivism, individuals take pride in and define their sense of self-quite literally, their sense of who they are-in terms of their family or similar group.
The dimension of Institutional Collectivism represents the degree to which cultures support, value, and prefer to distribute rewards based on group versus individual interests.
Gender Egalitarianism is the extent to which a culture minimizes differences in gender expectations for men versus women.
Assertiveness dimension describes the extent to which people value and prefer tough aggressiveness or tender non aggressiveness.
Humane Orientation, refers to the extent to which cultures encourage and reward their members for being benevolent and compassionate toward others or are concerned with self-interest and self-gratification.
Cultural Practices - the ways that people typically behave in everyday communication interactions
Cultural Values, or what people regard as important and believe is ideal
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